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| HC-SR04 |
Cara Menggunakan Ultrasonic Sensor pada Arduino
Assalamualaikum wbt. semua,
Pada entri kali ini, saya akan menunjukkan bagaimana untuk menggunakan Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) pada Arduino board. HC-SR04 ini pada umumnya banyak digunakan pada projek automasi dan robotik kerana ianya mudah digunakan. HC-SR04 merupakan proximity/distance sensor atau sensor jarak untuk menentukan jarak sesuatu objek. Salah satu contoh yang biasa digunakan adalah sensor undur kereta atau lebih dikenali dengan reverse sensor.
Pada projek kali ini, saya ingin menunjukkan bagaimana untuk menunjukkan output
HC-SR04 pada screen monitor PC anda. Hasinya adalah seperti ini:
HC-SR04 pada screen monitor PC anda. Hasinya adalah seperti ini:
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| Merah menandakan jarah objek jauh manakala biru menunjukkan jarak objek yg dekat |
Bahan yang diperlukan
1. Arduino board
2. HC-Sr04 ultrasonic sensor
3. Breadboard
4. Jumper atau wire
Software yang diperlukan
1. Arduino IDE
2. Processing arduino software. Anda boleh dapatkan di sini
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| Siap penyambungan |
Lukisan penyambungan
Video hasil kerja saya
Coding Arduino
/* HC-SR04 Ping distance sensor: VCC to arduino 5v GND to arduino GND Echo to Arduino pin 7 Trig to Arduino pin 8 */ #define echoPin 7 // Echo Pin #define trigPin 8 // Trigger Pin #define LEDPin 13 // Onboard LED int maximumRange = 200; // Maximum range needed int minimumRange = 0; // Minimum range needed long duration, distance; // Duration used to calculate distance void setup() { Serial.begin (9600); pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); pinMode(LEDPin, OUTPUT); // Use LED indicator (if required) } void loop() { /* The following trigPin/echoPin cycle is used to determine the distance of the nearest object by bouncing soundwaves off of it. */ digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(2); digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); //Calculate the distance (in cm) based on the speed of sound. distance = duration/58.2; if (distance >= maximumRange || distance <= minimumRange){ /* Send a negative number to computer and Turn LED ON to indicate "out of range" */ Serial.println("-1"); digitalWrite(LEDPin, HIGH); } else { /* Send the distance to the computer using Serial protocol, and turn LED OFF to indicate successful reading. */ Serial.println(distance); digitalWrite(LEDPin, LOW); } //Delay 50ms before next reading. delay(50); }
Coding Processing software
import processing.serial.*; int numOfShapes = 60; // Number of squares to display on screen int shapeSpeed = 2; // Speed at which the shapes move to new position // 2 = Fastest, Larger numbers are slower //Global Variables Square[] mySquares = new Square[numOfShapes]; int shapeSize, distance; String comPortString; Serial myPort; /* -----------------------Setup ---------------------------*/ void setup(){ size(displayWidth,displayHeight); //Use entire screen size. smooth(); // draws all shapes with smooth edges. /* Calculate the size of the squares and initialise the Squares array */ shapeSize = (width/numOfShapes); for(int i = 0; i<numOfShapes; i++){ mySquares[i]=new Square(int(shapeSize*i),height-40); } /*Open the serial port for communication with the Arduino Make sure the COM port is correct - I am using COM port 8 */ myPort = new Serial(this, "COM3", 9600); myPort.bufferUntil('\n'); // Trigger a SerialEvent on new line } /* ------------------------Draw -----------------------------*/ void draw(){ background(0); //Make the background BLACK delay(50); //Delay used to refresh screen drawSquares(); //Draw the pattern of squares } /* ---------------------serialEvent ---------------------------*/ void serialEvent(Serial cPort){ comPortString = cPort.readStringUntil('\n'); if(comPortString != null) { comPortString=trim(comPortString); /* Use the distance received by the Arduino to modify the y position of the first square (others will follow). Should match the code settings on the Arduino. In this case 200 is the maximum distance expected. The distance is then mapped to a value between 1 and the height of your screen */ distance = int(map(Integer.parseInt(comPortString),1,200,1,height)); if(distance<0){ /*If computer receives a negative number (-1), then the sensor is reporting an "out of range" error. Convert all of these to a distance of 0. */ distance = 0; } } } /* ---------------------drawSquares ---------------------------*/ void drawSquares(){ int oldY, newY, targetY, redVal, blueVal; /* Set the Y position of the 1st square based on sensor value received */ mySquares[0].setY((height-shapeSize)-distance); /* Update the position and colour of each of the squares */ for(int i = numOfShapes-1; i>0; i--){ /* Use the previous square's position as a target */ targetY=mySquares[i-1].getY(); oldY=mySquares[i].getY(); if(abs(oldY-targetY)<2){ newY=targetY; //This helps to line them up }else{ //calculate the new position of the square newY=oldY-((oldY-targetY)/shapeSpeed); } //Set the new position of the square mySquares[i].setY(newY); /*Calculate the colour of the square based on its position on the screen */ blueVal = int(map(newY,0,height,0,255)); redVal = 255-blueVal; fill(redVal,0,blueVal); /* Draw the square on the screen */ rect(mySquares[i].getX(), mySquares[i].getY(),shapeSize,shapeSize); } } /* ---------------------sketchFullScreen---------------------------*/ // This puts processing into Full Screen Mode boolean sketchFullScreen() { return true; } /* ---------------------CLASS: Square ---------------------------*/ class Square{ int xPosition, yPosition; Square(int xPos, int yPos){ xPosition = xPos; yPosition = yPos; } int getX(){ return xPosition; } int getY(){ return yPosition; } void setY(int yPos){ yPosition = yPos; } }
